Overview

Dry mouth, or xerostomia (say "zee-ruh-STO-mee-uh"), occurs when your mouth doesn't make enough saliva. Saliva helps you chew, swallow, and digest your food. It also neutralizes the acids that form in your mouth. Dry mouth can make it hard to swallow or talk. Over time, it can lead to mouth infections, gum disease, and tooth decay.

Dry mouth is often a side effect of medicines like diuretics, antihistamines, and decongestants. But it has many possible causes, including cancer treatments and aging.

If medicines are causing dry mouth, your doctor may change the type or dose of the medicine. You may also get medicine to help you make more saliva.

To avoid the effects of dry mouth, your dentist may apply fluoride to your teeth. This helps prevent tooth decay. You may also get mouthwash to fight bacteria. You may need more frequent dental checkups.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• Take frequent sips of liquid throughout the day. Water is best.
• Use ice chips, sugar-free candy, or gum to help keep your mouth moist.
• Avoid spicy or salty foods. They may cause pain in a dry mouth.
• Brush your teeth twice a day, morning and night. Floss once a day.
• Schedule checkups and cleanings as often as your dentist recommends it.
• Use an over-the-counter saliva substitute.
• Avoid caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol. They can also make your mouth dry.
• Be safe with medicines. If you're given medicine for dry mouth, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine.