Neurosurgeons are medical doctors who specialize in surgery of the brain, spinal column, and nervous system.

A person may see a neurosurgeon for a problem such as a pinched nerve in the back or neck, a brain tumour, or damage to the brain or spine from an injury. A neurosurgeon may specialize in the treatment of one area of the body, such as the spinal column, or in the treatment of certain age groups. One example is a pediatric neurosurgeon, who only treats children.

Neurosurgeons are certified by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.