HPV: Should My Child Get the Vaccine?
You may want to have a say in this decision, or you may simply want to follow your doctor's recommendation. Either way, this information will help you understand what your choices are so that you can talk to your doctor about them.
HPV: Should My Child Get the Vaccine?
Get the facts
Your options
- Have your child get the HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine.
- Don't have your child get the HPV vaccine.
Key points to remember
- The HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine protects against HPV. There are many types of HPV. Some types of the virus can cause genital warts. Other types can cause cervical or oral cancer and some uncommon cancers, such as vaginal and anal cancer. The HPV vaccine protects against the most common HPV types that can cause serious problems.
- The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends the vaccine for females and males. It can be given starting at age 9. The HPV vaccine may be available at no cost from an immunization program. HPV vaccine recommendations may be different in your province or territory. Check with your doctor or local health unit to find the HPV vaccine recommendations in your area.
- The vaccine is given in a series of 2 or 3 shots over 6 months. For it to work best, all the shots must be given.
- The best time for your child to get the vaccine is before they become sexually active. This is because the vaccine works best before there is any chance of infection with HPV. When the vaccine is given at this time, it can prevent almost all infection by the types of HPV the vaccine guards against. Your child can still be vaccinated even if they are already sexually active, has had an abnormal Pap test, or has had an HPV infection.
- The HPV vaccines were tested in thousands of people before being approved by Health Canada, and there were no serious side effects. You can't get HPV from the vaccine, and it doesn't contain mercury.
FAQs
HPV stands for human papillomavirus. You can get HPV by having sex or skin-to-skin genital contact with someone who has the virus. Infection with HPV is common, especially among young people.footnote 2 But most people never know they have the virus, because it may not cause any symptoms.
There are more than 100 types of human papillomavirus. But only some types of HPV lead to cervical cancer or genital warts.
- Cervical cancer happens when HPV causes abnormal cells in the cervix to grow out of control. HPV can stay in your body for a long time. It can take 10 years or more for a woman to get cancer from an HPV infection. While cervical cancer in Canada is not as common as it used to be, about 1,550 Canadian women get it each year.footnote 3
- Genital warts (skin growths) may or may not cause symptoms. Even if you treat visible warts, or if the warts go away without treatment, the HPV infection can stay in the body's cells. It's possible to spread genital warts to a sex partner even if you can't see the warts.
The HPV vaccines can help protect people from being infected with some of the most common types of the virus.
The HPV vaccine is a series of 2 or 3 shots given over 6 months. For the vaccine to work best, all the shots must be given.
The vaccine doesn't treat an HPV infection. But it may protect a person against types of the HPV virus other than the one causing the infection.
The HPV vaccine may be available at no cost from an immunization program. If the HPV vaccine is not covered, you can pay for the vaccine yourself. Check with your doctor or local health unit for more information.
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends the vaccine for females and males. It can be given starting at age 9.footnote 4 HPV vaccine recommendations may be different in your province or territory. Check with your doctor or local health unit to find the HPV vaccine recommendations in your area.
The best time for your child to get the vaccine is before they become sexually active. This is because the vaccine works best before there is any chance of infection with HPV. When the vaccine is given at this time, it can prevent almost all infection by the types of HPV the vaccine guards against.footnote 5 Your child can still be vaccinated even if they are already sexually active, have had an abnormal Pap test, or have had an HPV infection.footnote 4
The HPV vaccine can help protect your child from getting the most common types of the virus. This will decrease his or her risk of genital warts. And it protects women from cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine also protects against anogenital cancers. Research is under way to see if the vaccine can be used to prevent oral cancers also.footnote 6
The HPV vaccines were tested in thousands of people before being approved by Health Canada, and there were no serious side effects. You can't get HPV from the vaccine, and it doesn't contain mercury.
The vaccine series protects against 9 types of HPV. Booster doses are not needed at this time as studies show protection lasts at least 10 years. A booster shot is another dose of the vaccine that is given after the first series of shots.
Some people may have mild side effects such as a low-grade fever and soreness in the arm where the shot was given. But neither lasts long. The doctor may have you stay in the office for up to 15 minutes after the shot is given, to watch for any reactions.
Some parents may worry about talking to their young child about the HPV vaccine, because they think it means they have to have the "sex talk." But you don't have to talk to your child about sex if you're not ready. You can tell your child that this vaccine can help keep them healthy and prevent cancer and other illnesses later in life.
If you do decide to talk to your child about HPV and the vaccine, it doesn't mean you're giving your child permission to have sex. It's a chance to teach your child about safer sex and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This information will be important for when your child is older and making choices about sex.
Compare your options
| |
|---|
What is usually involved? |
| |
|---|
What are the benefits? |
| |
|---|
What are the risks and side effects? |
| |
|---|
Have your child get the HPV vaccineHave your child get the HPV vaccine- Your child gets a series of shots over 6 months.
- The vaccine can reduce the risk of your child getting genital warts or cervical cancer caused by some of the most common types of HPV infection.
- Possible side effects include a low-grade fever and soreness where the shot was given.
Don't have your child get the HPV vaccineDon't have your child get the HPV vaccine- You may decide to wait until:
- Your child is older before getting the HPV vaccine.
- More information is available about how well the vaccine works.
- You can talk to your child about HPV and about how to prevent infection.
- Your child avoids possible side effects of the vaccine.
- You don't have to take time for your child to get the shots.
- When your child becomes sexually active, they will be more likely to get HPV.
- If your child does get HPV, they will have a greater chance of getting genital warts. And your daughter will have less protection from cervical cancer.
I want my son to be protected against HPV, but I was worried about how to talk to him about this vaccine. I didn't want to talk to him about sex or STIs, because he seemed too young. Then the nurse at the doctor's office said my son needed to have other vaccines and we could start them all at the same time. I told Lou that all of these shots would help keep him from getting sick both now and when he is older.
Carmen, mom of 10-year-old Lou
My daughter is away at her first year of university. We talked about safer sex before she left for school and I trust that she will make smart choices. When I told her about the vaccine, she told me she isn't having sex yet and doesn't want to get the vaccine. At this point, all I can do is give her the information and hope she gets the vaccine when she is ready.
Rhonda, mom of 19-year-old Simone
It's just me and Owen at home. I wasn't sure I could answer all of his questions about sex, so we are taking a sex education class together. Talking to him about a vaccine to prevent an STI in the future is a good way for us to start talking about safer sex.
Brad, dad of 12-year-old Owen
What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons to have your child get the HPV vaccine
Reasons not to have your child get the HPV vaccine
From what I've heard about the vaccine, I believe it's safe for my child to get it.
I'm concerned about side effects from the vaccine.
More important
Equally important
More important
I want to protect my child from getting genital warts and cervical cancer.
I'm not worried about my child getting genital warts or cervical cancer.
More important
Equally important
More important
My child knows that getting the vaccine doesn't mean permission to have sex.
I'm worried that my child may think that it's okay to have sex because they got the vaccine.
More important
Equally important
More important
My child doesn't mind getting shots.
My child hates getting shots.
More important
Equally important
More important
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
More important
Equally important
More important
Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Having my child get the HPV vaccine
NOT having my child get the HPV vaccine
Leaning toward
Undecided
Leaning toward
What else do you need to make your decision?
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
Not sure at all
Somewhat sure
Very sure
3. Use the following space to list questions, concerns, and next steps.
Your Summary
Here's a record of your answers. You can use it to talk with your doctor or loved ones about your decision.
Next steps
Which way you're leaning
How sure you are
Your comments
Key concepts that you understood
Key concepts that may need review
Credits
| Author | Healthwise Staff |
|---|
| Clinical Review Board | Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. |
|---|
References
Citations
- Smith LM, et al. (2015). Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls: The Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(2): e74–81. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.140900. Accessed March 24, 2015.
- Public Health Agency of Canada (2014). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/migration/phac-aspc/std-mts/sti-its/assets/pdf/section-5-5a-eng.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2018.
- Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics (2017). Canadian Cancer Statistics 2017. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/canadian-cancer-statistics-publication. Accessed April 3, 2018.
- National Advisory Committee on Immunization (2017). Updated recommendations on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: 9-valent HPV vaccine 2-dose immunization schedule and the use of HPV vaccines in immunocompromised populations. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/updated-recommendations-human-papillomavirus-immunization-schedule-immunocompromised-populations.html. Accessed April 3, 2018.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women - Fact Sheet. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Vital Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (9/15/11). Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine-young-women.htm.
- Gillison ML, et al. (2012). Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009–2010. JAMA, 307(7): 693–703.
- Jena AB, et al. (2015). Incidence of sexually transmitted infections after human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescent females. JAMA Internal Medicine, published online February 9, 2015. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7886. Accessed March 24, 2015.
You may want to have a say in this decision, or you may simply want to follow your doctor's recommendation. Either way, this information will help you understand what your choices are so that you can talk to your doctor about them.
HPV: Should My Child Get the Vaccine?
Here's a record of your answers. You can use it to talk with your doctor or loved ones about your decision.
- Get the facts
- Compare your options
- What matters most to you?
- Where are you leaning now?
- What else do you need to make your decision?
1. Get the Facts
Your options
- Have your child get the HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine.
- Don't have your child get the HPV vaccine.
Key points to remember
- The HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine protects against HPV. There are many types of HPV. Some types of the virus can cause genital warts. Other types can cause cervical or oral cancer and some uncommon cancers, such as vaginal and anal cancer. The HPV vaccine protects against the most common HPV types that can cause serious problems.
- The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends the vaccine for females and males. It can be given starting at age 9. The HPV vaccine may be available at no cost from an immunization program. HPV vaccine recommendations may be different in your province or territory. Check with your doctor or local health unit to find the HPV vaccine recommendations in your area.
- The vaccine is given in a series of 2 or 3 shots over 6 months. For it to work best, all the shots must be given.
- The best time for your child to get the vaccine is before they become sexually active. This is because the vaccine works best before there is any chance of infection with HPV. When the vaccine is given at this time, it can prevent almost all infection by the types of HPV the vaccine guards against. Your child can still be vaccinated even if they are already sexually active, has had an abnormal Pap test, or has had an HPV infection.
- The HPV vaccines were tested in thousands of people before being approved by Health Canada, and there were no serious side effects. You can't get HPV from the vaccine, and it doesn't contain mercury.
FAQs
How do you get HPV?
HPV stands for human papillomavirus. You can get HPV by having sex or skin-to-skin genital contact with someone who has the virus. Infection with HPV is common, especially among young people.2 But most people never know they have the virus, because it may not cause any symptoms.
There are more than 100 types of human papillomavirus. But only some types of HPV lead to cervical cancer or genital warts.
- Cervical cancer happens when HPV causes abnormal cells in the cervix to grow out of control. HPV can stay in your body for a long time. It can take 10 years or more for a woman to get cancer from an HPV infection. While cervical cancer in Canada is not as common as it used to be, about 1,550 Canadian women get it each year.3
- Genital warts (skin growths) may or may not cause symptoms. Even if you treat visible warts, or if the warts go away without treatment, the HPV infection can stay in the body's cells. It's possible to spread genital warts to a sex partner even if you can't see the warts.
What is the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccines can help protect people from being infected with some of the most common types of the virus.
The HPV vaccine is a series of 2 or 3 shots given over 6 months. For the vaccine to work best, all the shots must be given.
The vaccine doesn't treat an HPV infection. But it may protect a person against types of the HPV virus other than the one causing the infection.
The HPV vaccine may be available at no cost from an immunization program. If the HPV vaccine is not covered, you can pay for the vaccine yourself. Check with your doctor or local health unit for more information.
When should your child get the HPV vaccine?
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends the vaccine for females and males. It can be given starting at age 9.4 HPV vaccine recommendations may be different in your province or territory. Check with your doctor or local health unit to find the HPV vaccine recommendations in your area.
The best time for your child to get the vaccine is before they become sexually active. This is because the vaccine works best before there is any chance of infection with HPV. When the vaccine is given at this time, it can prevent almost all infection by the types of HPV the vaccine guards against.5 Your child can still be vaccinated even if they are already sexually active, have had an abnormal Pap test, or have had an HPV infection.4
What are the benefits of the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccine can help protect your child from getting the most common types of the virus. This will decrease his or her risk of genital warts. And it protects women from cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine also protects against anogenital cancers. Research is under way to see if the vaccine can be used to prevent oral cancers also.6
The HPV vaccines were tested in thousands of people before being approved by Health Canada, and there were no serious side effects. You can't get HPV from the vaccine, and it doesn't contain mercury.
How long does the HPV vaccine last?
The vaccine series protects against 9 types of HPV. Booster doses are not needed at this time as studies show protection lasts at least 10 years. A booster shot is another dose of the vaccine that is given after the first series of shots.
What are the risks of the HPV vaccine?
Some people may have mild side effects such as a low-grade fever and soreness in the arm where the shot was given. But neither lasts long. The doctor may have you stay in the office for up to 15 minutes after the shot is given, to watch for any reactions.
How can you talk to your child about the HPV vaccine?
Some parents may worry about talking to their young child about the HPV vaccine, because they think it means they have to have the "sex talk." But you don't have to talk to your child about sex if you're not ready. You can tell your child that this vaccine can help keep them healthy and prevent cancer and other illnesses later in life.
If you do decide to talk to your child about HPV and the vaccine, it doesn't mean you're giving your child permission to have sex. It's a chance to teach your child about safer sex and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This information will be important for when your child is older and making choices about sex.
2. Compare your options
| Have your child get the HPV vaccine | Don't have your child get the HPV vaccine |
|---|
| What is usually involved? | - Your child gets a series of shots over 6 months.
| - You may decide to wait until:
- Your child is older before getting the HPV vaccine.
- More information is available about how well the vaccine works.
- You can talk to your child about HPV and about how to prevent infection.
|
|---|
| What are the benefits? | - The vaccine can reduce the risk of your child getting genital warts or cervical cancer caused by some of the most common types of HPV infection.
| - Your child avoids possible side effects of the vaccine.
- You don't have to take time for your child to get the shots.
|
|---|
| What are the risks and side effects? | - Possible side effects include a low-grade fever and soreness where the shot was given.
| - When your child becomes sexually active, they will be more likely to get HPV.
- If your child does get HPV, they will have a greater chance of getting genital warts. And your daughter will have less protection from cervical cancer.
|
|---|
Personal stories
Personal stories about the HPV vaccine
These stories are based on information gathered from health professionals and consumers. They may be helpful as you make important health decisions.
"I want my son to be protected against HPV, but I was worried about how to talk to him about this vaccine. I didn't want to talk to him about sex or STIs, because he seemed too young. Then the nurse at the doctor's office said my son needed to have other vaccines and we could start them all at the same time. I told Lou that all of these shots would help keep him from getting sick both now and when he is older."
— Carmen, mom of 10-year-old Lou
"My daughter is away at her first year of university. We talked about safer sex before she left for school and I trust that she will make smart choices. When I told her about the vaccine, she told me she isn't having sex yet and doesn't want to get the vaccine. At this point, all I can do is give her the information and hope she gets the vaccine when she is ready."
— Rhonda, mom of 19-year-old Simone
"It's just me and Owen at home. I wasn't sure I could answer all of his questions about sex, so we are taking a sex education class together. Talking to him about a vaccine to prevent an STI in the future is a good way for us to start talking about safer sex."
— Brad, dad of 12-year-old Owen
3. What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons to have your child get the HPV vaccine
Reasons not to have your child get the HPV vaccine
From what I've heard about the vaccine, I believe it's safe for my child to get it.
I'm concerned about side effects from the vaccine.
More important
Equally important
More important
I want to protect my child from getting genital warts and cervical cancer.
I'm not worried about my child getting genital warts or cervical cancer.
More important
Equally important
More important
My child knows that getting the vaccine doesn't mean permission to have sex.
I'm worried that my child may think that it's okay to have sex because they got the vaccine.
More important
Equally important
More important
My child doesn't mind getting shots.
My child hates getting shots.
More important
Equally important
More important
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
More important
Equally important
More important
4. Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Having my child get the HPV vaccine
NOT having my child get the HPV vaccine
Leaning toward
Undecided
Leaning toward
5. What else do you need to make your decision?
Check the facts
1. The best time for my child to get the HPV vaccine is before becoming sexually active.
That's right. The best time for your child to get the vaccine is before becoming sexually active. This is because the vaccine works best before there is any chance of infection with HPV.
2. My child will need to get a series of shots of the HPV vaccine.
That's right. The HPV vaccine is a series of shots given over 6 months. For it to work best, all three shots must be given.
3. The HPV vaccine will protect my child from getting some of the most common types of HPV.
That's right. The HPV vaccines protect against the most common types of HPV that cause problems.
Decide what's next
1. Do you understand the options available to you?
2. Are you clear about which benefits and side effects matter most to you?
3. Do you have enough support and advice from others to make a choice?
Certainty
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
Not sure at all
Somewhat sure
Very sure
2. Check what you need to do before you make this decision.
3. Use the following space to list questions, concerns, and next steps.
Credits
| By | Healthwise Staff |
|---|
| Clinical Review Board | Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. |
|---|
References
Citations
- Smith LM, et al. (2015). Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls: The Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(2): e74–81. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.140900. Accessed March 24, 2015.
- Public Health Agency of Canada (2014). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/migration/phac-aspc/std-mts/sti-its/assets/pdf/section-5-5a-eng.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2018.
- Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics (2017). Canadian Cancer Statistics 2017. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/canadian-cancer-statistics-publication. Accessed April 3, 2018.
- National Advisory Committee on Immunization (2017). Updated recommendations on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: 9-valent HPV vaccine 2-dose immunization schedule and the use of HPV vaccines in immunocompromised populations. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/updated-recommendations-human-papillomavirus-immunization-schedule-immunocompromised-populations.html. Accessed April 3, 2018.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women - Fact Sheet. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Vital Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (9/15/11). Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine-young-women.htm.
- Gillison ML, et al. (2012). Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009–2010. JAMA, 307(7): 693–703.
- Jena AB, et al. (2015). Incidence of sexually transmitted infections after human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescent females. JAMA Internal Medicine, published online February 9, 2015. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7886. Accessed March 24, 2015.
Note: The "printer friendly" document will not contain all the information available in the online document some Information (e.g. cross-references to other topics, definitions or medical illustrations) is only available in the online version.Current as of: June 12, 2023
Author: Healthwise Staff
Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.
Smith LM, et al. (2015). Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls: The Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(2): e74–81. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.140900. Accessed March 24, 2015.
Public Health Agency of Canada (2014). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/migration/phac-aspc/std-mts/sti-its/assets/pdf/section-5-5a-eng.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2018.
Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics (2017). Canadian Cancer Statistics 2017. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/canadian-cancer-statistics-publication. Accessed April 3, 2018.
National Advisory Committee on Immunization (2017). Updated recommendations on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: 9-valent HPV vaccine 2-dose immunization schedule and the use of HPV vaccines in immunocompromised populations. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/updated-recommendations-human-papillomavirus-immunization-schedule-immunocompromised-populations.html. Accessed April 3, 2018.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women - Fact Sheet. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Vital Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (9/15/11). Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine-young-women.htm.
Gillison ML, et al. (2012). Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009–2010. JAMA, 307(7): 693–703.
Jena AB, et al. (2015). Incidence of sexually transmitted infections after human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescent females. JAMA Internal Medicine, published online February 9, 2015. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7886. Accessed March 24, 2015.
