What is colorectal cancer?
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths in Alberta. Most cases are in people over 50 years old, with no family history of the disease. Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon (large intestine) or the rectum.
Why is screening for colorectal cancer important?
If you’re 50 to 74, it’s important to get screened regularly. Screening looks for early signs of cancer in people who feel well and have no symptoms. Screening is the best way to find colorectal cancer early when treatment is most effective.
Most colorectal cancers begin as growths called polyps on the inner wall of the colon or rectum. Not all polyps turn into cancer, but some types can with time. Early-stage colorectal cancer and polyps can exist for years without symptoms. With regular screening, colorectal cancer can be found early, and many types of polyps can be removed before they turn into cancer.
When colorectal cancer is found early, 90% of cases can be treated successfully. This is why screening is so important.
Screening tests for colorectal cancer
The 2 main screening tests for colorectal cancer are Fecal Immunochemical Test or FIT and colonoscopy. You and your healthcare provider can talk about which test is right for you.
Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
FIT is a free, simple, at-home test that checks for hidden blood in your stool (poop). FIT is the recommended screening test for people at average risk of getting colorectal cancer. Most people are at average risk. This includes those with no symptoms and no personal or family history of colorectal cancer. Start screening with FIT at age 50.
How do I do a FIT?
You collect a small stool sample, and it’s sent to the lab. If your FIT result is normal, it means that no blood was found in your stool sample. Continue to screen with FIT regularly. Talk with your doctor or healthcare provider about how often is right for you.
How can I get a FIT test?
In Alberta, there are 2 easy ways to get your free FIT kit. Choose what works best for you.
- Order online at screeningforlife.ca or by scanning the QR code. You can also call AHS Screening Programs toll-free at 1-866-727-3926. A FIT test kit will be mailed to you.
- Talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening. They’ll give you a lab requisition form. Take this form to the lab to pick up your FIT test kit.
What happens if the FIT result is not normal?
If your FIT result is abnormal, it means that blood was found in your stool sample. This can happen for different reasons. Most people with an abnormal result don’t have cancer. Your doctor or healthcare provider may recommend a colonoscopy to find the cause of the bleeding.
Why might I need colonoscopy instead of using FIT?
Colonoscopy is the recommended test for people at a higher risk of getting colorectal cancer. You may be at higher risk if you or someone in your family had colorectal cancer or polyps in the past. Family includes a parent, sibling, or child. A colonoscopy lets the doctor see the inside of your colon. This test is done using a colonoscope, which is a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end.
Don't ignore new symptoms
It’s never good to ignore new symptoms. This includes blood in your stool, a change in your bowel habits, pain in your belly, or unexplained weight loss. See your doctor or healthcare provider if you have these or any other symptoms you’re worried about.
