In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve does not close completely. The valve lets blood leak back (regurgitate) into the heart.

In a normal heart, the aortic valve opens to let oxygen-rich blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. The aortic valve closes completely when the heart rests between beats. The closed valve stops blood from flowing backward into the heart. But in aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve does not close completely. So with each heartbeat some of the blood pumped into the aorta leaks back into the left ventricle.

Mitral valve regurgitation happens when the mitral valve does not close tightly enough after blood flows through the valve into the lower chamber of the heart. This makes a small opening in the valve even when the valve is closed. This opening can let blood leak (regurgitate) back into the upper chamber of the heart.

Mitral valve regurgitation happens when the mitral valve does not close tightly enough after blood flows through the valve into the lower chamber of the heart. This makes a small opening in the valve even when the valve is closed. This opening can let blood leak (regurgitate) back into the upper chamber of the heart.

These pictures show the heart from the front. The right side of the heart is on the left side of the heart pictures. The left side of the heart is on the right side of the pictures.

Your heart has four separate chambers that pump blood. The chambers are called the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a muscular wall that prevents blood without oxygen from mixing with blood that has oxygen. The heart also has valves that separate the chambers and connect to major blood vessels.

Your heart is divided into two separate pumping systems, the right side and the left side.

The right side of your heart receives oxygen-poor blood from your veins and pumps it to your lungs, where the blood picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich blood from your lungs and pumps it through your arteries to the rest of your body.

Blood travels through your heart and lungs in four steps:

• The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
• The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs.
• The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
• The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.