Overview

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for conditions in which fat builds up in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. Of those who have this condition:

• Most have a type called non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). These people have fat in their liver, but it doesn't seem to cause damage.
• Some have a more serious type called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The buildup of fat in the liver causes inflammation and damage. Over time, this can cause scarring of the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.

Experts don't really know what causes fat buildup in the liver, but being obese seems to increase the risk. NAFLD is often linked to a group of health problems called metabolic syndrome. This includes obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance or diabetes. Most people who have NAFLD also have one or more of these health problems. But some have none of these other conditions.

NAFLD usually doesn't cause symptoms. It can be diagnosed with blood tests and imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be done.

Treatment focuses on managing related conditions like diabetes and making lifestyle changes, including losing weight if needed, eating a healthy diet, and being more active. A doctor may prescribe medicines for related conditions or to help with weight loss. Weight-loss surgery may be an option for people who have obesity.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• Lose weight if you need to. Losing even 5% of your weight can make a difference to your health. A healthy eating plan and being more active can help you manage your weight. But if you need more help, talk to your doctor about other weight-loss options.
• Manage other health problems. These may include diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. If your doctor prescribes medicines, take them exactly as prescribed.
• Eat healthy foods. This includes vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, lean meat, fish, and whole grains. Limit things that are not so good for you, like saturated fat and sugar.
• Be more active. Try to get at least 2½ hours of moderate to vigorous exercise a week. Walking is a good choice.
• Avoid alcohol. Alcohol can damage the liver and cause other health problems.
• Don't use tobacco. Quitting tobacco can help to reduce your risk of future health problems.
• Get immunized. Having NAFLD increases your risk for infections, so it's important to get all recommended vaccines.