Delirium is a condition that affects the brain. It often shows up suddenly and, for most people, only lasts a few days. It may include trouble focusing, sudden changes in behaviour, and confusion.
Delirium can develop for many reasons, such as infection, certain medicines, and problems with blood sugar.
People who are in an intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing delirium, called ICU delirium. About 2 out of 3 people in the ICU develop ICU delirium, and people on breathing machines have the highest risk.
It's important to diagnose and treat ICU delirium as quickly as possible. Research shows that patients with ICU delirium who leave the hospital without treatment may have long-term problems with brain function, mental health, muscle weakness, and a poorer quality of life.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for ICU delerium include:
- being older than 65 years
- low oxygen levels in the brain
- the brain isn't using oxygen properly
- chemical changes in the brain
- certain medicines such as sedatives or painkillers
- infection
- severe pain
- illness
- alcohol use
- withdrawal from alcohol or nicotine
